Diversity of Escherichia coli: representative of the microbiome or pathogen for public health?

Аннотация

Escherichia coli is one of the representatives of the intestinal microbiome. The population structure is predominantly clonal, however, the presence of pathogenicity genes translates
synanthropic Escherichia coli into a pathogen capable of causing the development of an infectious process. Depending on the genetic background (the presence of virulence factors
and the genes encoding them), Escherichia coli is divided into extra-intestinal and diarrhoeal pathotypes. The latter includes enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive,
enteroadhesive and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which causes hemorrhagic colitis and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome, including producing Shiga toxin. There is E. coli capable of
attaching to the intestinal walls and causing a violation of the absorption processes – enteroaggregative and diffuse-aggregating pathotypes, respectively.
Key words: Escherichia coli, diarrhea, diseases, enterotoxins, pathogenicity, molecular genetic
studies, pathogenicity

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