M. GENITALIUM-ИНФЕКЦИЯ. РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ В СТРАНАХ МИРА И ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА

Аннотация

Актуальность. M. genitalium (MG)-инфекция в настоящее время отнесена к инфекциям, передаваемым половым путем (ИППП). На государственном уровне данная инфекция не регистрируется, в связи с чем получить данные о ее распространенности в странах мира можно только из научных публикаций.

Цель — проанализировать имеющиеся в литературе публикации (база данных Pubmed), касающиеся распространения в странах мира и факторы риска, способствующие ее распространению.

Материал и методы. Проанализирован ряд релевантных публикаций, посвященных теме распространенности MG-инфекции в странах мира с 2017 по 2024 годы, а также в период до 2017 года.

Результаты. Уровень распространенности M. genitalium в странах мира в общей популяции мужчин и женщин составляет 1–3,3 %. Значительно более высоким (20 – 45 %) является показатель распространенности MG-инфекции среди работниц коммерческого секса, мужчин, практикующих секс с мужчинами, пациентов клиник ИППП с симптомами уретрита, цервицита. Факторами риска MG-инфекции являются: молодой возраст, раннее начало половой жизни, промискуитет, пренебрежение средствами барьерной контрацепции, рецептивный анальный секс, алкоголизм, курение, наличие и доконтактная профилактика ВИЧ-инфекции, коинфекция другими возбудителями ИППП (например, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae), перенесенные ИППП в прошлом, аномальная микроэкология влагалища.

Annotation

Relevance. M. genitalium (MG) infection is currently classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This infection is not registered at the state level, therefore, data on its prevalence in countries of the world can only be obtained from scientific publications.

Objective: to analyze publications available in the literature (Pubmed database) regarding its prevalence in countries of the world and risk factors contributing to its spread.

Material and methods. A number of relevant publications devoted to the prevalence of MG infection in countries of the world from 2017 to 2024, as well as in the period up to 2017, were analyzed.

Results. The prevalence of M. genitalium in countries of the world in the general population of men and women is 1–3.3%. The prevalence of MG infection among female commercial sex workers, men who have sex with men, patients of STI clinics with symptoms of urethritis, cervicitis is significantly higher (20–45%). Risk factors for MG infection are: young age, early onset of sexual activity, promiscuity, neglect of barrier contraception, receptive anal sex, alcoholism, smoking, presence and pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection, coinfection with other STI pathogens (e.g., C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae), history of STIs, abnormal vaginal microecology.

Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections, M. genitalium, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors.

Об авторах

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