ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 И ЭПИДЕМИЙ ГРИППА: ОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО К БУДУЩЕМУ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Аннотация

Коронавирус SARS-CoV-2 и вирус гриппа (influenza virus) способны вызывать эпидемии и пандемии, которые представляют серьезную угрозу для общественного здоровья. Недавняя пандемия COVID-19 привела к значительному количеству заболеваний и летальных исходов. В то же время был получен необходимый опыт и реорганизованы системы здравоохранения многих стран. В представленной работе на основании анализа литературных данных собраны важные уроки пандемии. Они состоят в умении быстро организовать эффективное взаимодействие медицинских служб и информирование населения, обеспечить выявление инфекции, исследования групп риска и отслеживание распространения вируса, а также совершенствовать систему оперативного реагирования, вместе составляющих основу эпиднадзора. Особенно востребованными оказались активные способы борьбы, противодействующие развитию эпидемии, такие как создание нового поколения вакцин и массовая
вакцинация, общественные меры изоляции, подготовка новых методов лечения и профилактики, а также формирование естественного иммунитета у населения. Систематическое противостояние эпидемиям гриппа ввиду их регулярного появления и значительного негативного эффекта также помогает разрабатывать новые методы профилактики, включая вакцинацию, в целях обеспечения контроля распространения инфекции, заметного снижения заболеваемости и смертности. Все эти подходы, основанные на результатах целенаправленных эпидемиологических исследований, могут быть использованы для предотвращения эпидемий и пандемий коронавируса, гриппа и ряда других опасных заболеваний.

Annotation

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the influenza virus are capable of causing epidemics and pandemics that pose a serious threat to public health. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant number of illnesses and deaths. At the same time, thanks to epidemiological research, the necessary knowledge has been obtained and the health systems of many countries have been reorganized, which will help more effectively combat the spread of dangerous infections. Based on an analysis of literature data, the present work summarizes the most important lessons of the pandemic including effective communication of medical services and informing the population, extensive diagnostic studies of risk groups and tracking the spread of the virus, as well as the development of a sanitary and epidemiological response system, which form the basis of epidemiological surveillance. Particularly in demand were active methods of combating the pandemic, such as the development of vaccines and large-scale vaccination, public isolation measures, the preparation of new methods of treatment and prevention, as well as the formation of natural immunity in the population. Combating influenza epidemics, due to their regular occurrence and significant negative effect, also helps to develop new methods of diagnosis and prevention, including vaccination, which ensures control of the spread of infection and significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. These approaches and methods can bused to prevent epidemics of a number of dangerous diseases. Therefore, along with the study of COVID-19, the means and methods used to combat influenza are an important area of epidemiological research.
Key words: coronavirus; influenza; epidemic; pandemic; epidemiological studies

Об авторах

Список литературы

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