Аннотация
Escherichia coli является одним из представителей кишечного микробиома. Структура популяции преимущественно кло-
нальная, однако наличие генов патогенности переводит синантропную Escherichia coli в патоген, способный вызывать
развитие инфекционного процесса. В зависимости от генетического фона (наличия факторов вирулентности и генов, их
кодирующих) Escherichia coli подразделяют на внекишечный и диарейный патотипы. К последним относятся энтеротокси-
генные, энтеропатогенные, энтероинвазивные, энтероадгезивные и энтерогеморрагические E. coli, вызывающие геморра-
гический колит и/или гемолитико-уремический синдром, в том числе продуцирующие шига-токсин. Есть E. coli, способные
прикрепляться к стенкам кишечника и вызывать нарушение процессов всасывания — энтероагрегационный и диффузно-
агрегационный патотипы соответственно.
Annotation
Escherichia coli is one of the representatives of the intestinal microbiome. The population structure is predominantly clonal, however,
the presence of pathogenicity genes translates synanthropic Escherichia coli into a pathogen capable of causing the development
of an infectious process. Depending on the genetic background (the presence of virulence factors and the genes encoding them),
Escherichia coli is divided into extra-intestinal and diarrhoeal pathotypes. The latter includes enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic,
enteroinvasive, enteroadhesive and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which causes hemorrhagic colitis and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome,
including producing Shiga toxin. There is E. coli capable of attaching to the intestinal walls and causing a violation of the absorption
processes – enteroaggregative and diffuse-aggregating pathotypes, respectively.
Key words: Escherichia coli; diarrhea; diseases; enterotoxins; pathogenicity; molecular genetic studies; pathogenicity
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