ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ СИФИЛИСОМ, ГОНОКОККОВОЙ И ХЛАМИДИЙНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЯМИ В СТРАНАХ МИРА (Обзор литературы)

Аннотация

Введение. Инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (ИППП), к которым относятся сифилис, гонококковая и хламидийная инфекции, представляют существенную угрозу общественному здравоохранению, поскольку имеют значительное распространение, часто протекают бессимптомно и могут нарушать репродуктивную функцию человека. Проникая через плаценту, возбудители ИППП могут вызывать серьезные осложнения у новорожденных. Основным фактором, сдерживающим распространение ИППП в странах мира, является эпидемиологический надзор.

Цель. Анализ данных о заболеваемости сифилисом, гонококковой и хламидийной инфекциями в странах мира.

Результаты. В обзоре приведены данные стран Европы, Азии (Китай) и США об официально регистрируемой заболеваемости сифилисом, гонококковой и хламидийной инфекциями в период последних десятилетий вплоть до 2021 года.

Выводы. В течение последних лет в странах Европы и США наблюдается рост заболеваемости сифилисом, гонококковой и хламидийной инфекциями. Выявлены высокие показатели заболеваемости сифилисом в Китае. «Ключевыми» группами, способствующими распространению ИППП во всех странах, являются мужчины, имеющие секс с мужчинами (МСМ), а также молодые женщины 15-24 лет с «рискованным» сексуальным поведением. По мнению большинства современных эпидемиологов, факторами, способствующими распространению ИППП, являются: промискуитет, «незащищенный» секс, групповые сексуальные практики, употребление психоактивных веществ. Большое значение для предотвращения распространения ИППП имеет пропаганда безопасного секса, в том числе с помощью социальных сетей и приложений для знакомств, скрининг на ИППП в группах высокого риска и социально-уязвимых группах населения.

Annotation

Introduction. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which include syphilis, gonococcal and chlamydial infections, pose a significant public health threat because they are widespread, often asymptomatic, and can impair human reproductive function. By penetrating the placenta, STI pathogens can cause serious complications in newborns. The main factor limiting the spread of STIs in countries around the world is epidemiological surveillance.

Target. Analysis of data on the incidence of syphilis, gonococcal and chlamydial infections in countries around the world.

Results. The review presents the currently observed trends in the spread of syphilis, gonococcal and chlamydial infections in Europe, Asia (China) and the USA.

Conclusions. In recent years, in Europe and the United States there has been an increase in the incidence of syphilis, gonococcal and chlamydial infections. High rates of syphilis incidence in China have been revealed. The “key” groups contributing to the spread of STIs in all countries are men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as young women 15-24 years old with “risky” sexual behavior. According to most modern epidemiologists, factors contributing to the spread of STIs are: promiscuity, “unprotected” sex, group sexual practices, and the use of psychoactive substances. Of great importance for preventing the spread of STIs is the promotion of safe sex, including through social networks and dating applications, screening for STIs in high-risk groups and socially vulnerable groups of the population.

Key words: syphilis, gonococcal infection, chlamydial infection, epidemiology

Об авторах

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